Cells New Learning and Information

Cells New Information

Diversity Of Cells

I learned that the smallest unit that performs necessary processes for life is a cell. I also know, that the first person to describe cells was Hooke and the first person to discover single-celled organisms including bacteria was Leeuwenhoek. I know that only plant cells have cell walls and that the three parts of the cell theory are that all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of all living things, and all cells come from existing cells. Schwann concluded that all of the animal tissues were made of cells. Schleiden figured out that all plant parts were made of cells and Virchow concluded the fact that all cells came from existing cells. The only type of cell that has a cell wall is a plant cell.

Eukaryotic Cells

Parts Of An Eukaryotic Cell

A cell wall gives support to the cell and the cell walls of plant and algae cells are made of cellulose. But, the cell walls of fungi are made of chitin. A cell membrane is a protective barrier that encloses the cell. It contains of three types of compounds, proteins, lipids, and phospholipids. Two substances than control the movement of materials in and out of the cell are proteins and lipids. Cytoskeleton is a web of proteins in the cytoplasm. The cytoskeleton  keeps the cell’s membranes from collapsing and helps some of the cells move. The genetic material inside a cell's nucleus is called DNA. The function of proteins in a cell is to control chemical reactions. The nucleolus is a dark area inside the nucleus that stores materials and begins to make ribosomes. Ribosomes are organelles that make proteins. Proteins are made of amino. A system of folded membranes in which proteins, lipids, and other materials are made is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Two forms of endoplasmic reticulum are rough ER and smooth ER. Mitochondrion is the site of cellular respiration. It breaks down sugar to produce energy.Energy produced in the mitochondrion is stored in a substance called ATP. PLants and algae cells have something called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are organelles where photosynthesis takes place. They are green because they have something called chlorophyll inside of them. Chlorophyll traps in the Sun’s energy which is used to make sugar. THe golgi complex are organelles that packages and distributes protein. Lipids are a type of protein that are distributed from the ER to the golgi complex. A vesicle is a small sac that surrounds material to be moved out of the cell. Lysosomes are organelles that contain a digestive system.

The Organization Of Living Things

Organizations

A multicellular organism is an organism that has many cells. For example, an elephant is bigger than you are, but your cells are around the same size. The reason why is that an elephant has more cells than you do. A few benefits of having more cells is that you have a larger size, you have a longer life, and all the different cells specialize in different things. A cell tissue is a group of cells that work together to perform a specific job or function. A structure made up of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function is called an organ. Some organs include the heart, stomach, intestines, brain, and lungs. A group of organs working together is called an organ system. Each organ has a specific job to do in the body. For example, the digestive system is made up of several organs, including the stomach and intestines The digestive system’s job is to break down food into small particles. Anything that can perform life processes by itself is an organism.